Sulfur is a chemical element with atomic number 16 which means there are 16 protons and 16 electrons in the atomic structure. Lawrencium is a chemical element with atomic number 103 which means there are 103 protons and 103 electrons in the atomic structure. Indium is a chemical element with atomic number 49 which means there are 49 protons and 49 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Lead is Pb. Our Privacy Policy is a legal statement that explains what kind of information about you we collect, when you visit our Website. 1s22s22P 63s23p64s23d104p6. Nobelium is a chemical element with atomic number 102 which means there are 102 protons and 102 electrons in the atomic structure. Liquid nitrogen (made by distilling liquid air) boils at 77.4 kelvins (−195.8°C) and is used as a coolant. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies. Sm: Latin name: Samarium: Atomic number: 62: Period: 6: Element category: Inner transition elements: Relative atomic mass: 150.36: Group: III.B: Electronegativity: 1.2. The first two columns on the left side of the periodic table are where the s subshells are being occupied. Rubidium is a chemical element with atomic number 37 which means there are 37 protons and 37 electrons in the atomic structure. Samarium is a typical member of the lanthanide series, it is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. The chemical symbol for Potassium is K. Potassium was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name derives. is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. From here, tungsten is number 74 on the periodic table, so the closest noble gas to it would be xenon, which is number 54. Iridium is a chemical element with atomic number 77 which means there are 77 protons and 77 electrons in the atomic structure. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. The commercial use of beryllium requires the use of appropriate dust control equipment and industrial controls at all times because of the toxicity of inhaled beryllium-containing dusts that can cause a chronic life-threatening allergic disease in some people called berylliosis. The chemical symbol for Tin is Sn. Neptunium is the first transuranic element. The chemical symbol for Chromium is Cr. The chemical symbol for Ytterbium is Yb. The chemical symbol for Samarium is Sm. Rhodium is a rare, silvery-white, hard, corrosion resistant and chemically inert transition metal. The chemical symbol for Yttrium is Y. Yttrium is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a “rare-earth element”. The chemical symbol for Lawrencium is Lr. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Electron Configuration and Oxidation States of Samarium. An element that is not combined with any other different elements has an oxidation state of 0. Oxygen is a colourless, odourless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. Chemical Properties of Samarium So, if we were to add all the electrons from the above electron configuration, 2+2+6+2+6+2+10+6+2+10+6+2+14+10+3=83. (If the ion is isoelectronic with a noble gas, simply give that noble gas in square brackets.) Promethium - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - Pm, Neodymium - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - Nd, Praseodymium - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - Pr, Helium - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - He, Hydrogen - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - H, Neon - Electron Configuration and Oxidation States - Ne, Promethium – Electron Configuration and Oxidation States – Pm, Europium – Electron Configuration and Oxidation States – Eu. Note that these electron configurations are given for neutral atoms in the gas phase, which are not the same as the electron configurations for the same atoms in chemical environments. Electron configurations of atoms follow a standard notation in which all electron-containing atomic subshells (with the number of electrons they hold written in superscript) are placed in a sequence. Both of the configurations have the correct numbers of electrons in each orbital, it is just a matter of how the electronic configuration notation is written (here is an explanation why). The chemical symbol for Oxygen is O. Very soft and malleable, indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Approximately 60–70% of thallium production is used in the electronics industry. Samarium is a chemical element with atomic number 62 which means there are 62 protons and 62 electrons in the atomic structure.The chemical symbol for Samarium is Sm. An electron begins in a ground state. The chemical symbol for Lanthanum is La. and Gay-Lussac, L.-J. The chemical symbol for Silicon is Si. The electron configuration is the standard notation used to describe the electronic structure of an atom. The chemical symbol for Copper is Cu. © 2019 periodic-table.org / see also Similarly, the p block are the right-most six columns of the periodic table, the d block is the middle 10 columns of the periodic table, while the f block is the 14-column section that is normally depicted as detached from the main body of the periodic table. Iridium is a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium). Mercury is a chemical element with atomic number 80 which means there are 80 protons and 80 electrons in the atomic structure. Melting point The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. The chemical symbol for Samarium is Sm. The chemical symbol for Fermium is Fm. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and concludes three major decay chains of heavier elements. Ross Wood. Answer c. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 3 4s 2. Protactinium is a chemical element with atomic number 91 which means there are 91 protons and 91 electrons in the atomic structure. Indium is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earth’s crust. This handy chart compiles the electron configurations of the elements up through number 104. The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and chemical properties. Write the noble gas and full electron configuration for Sm. Cadmium is a chemical element with atomic number 48 which means there are 48 protons and 48 electrons in the atomic structure. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium. What we will do now is place those electrons into an arrangement around the nucleus that indicates their energy and the shape of the orbital in which they are located. Gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. Iron is a metal in the first transition series. I hope this was helpful. Possible oxidation states are +2,3. The chemical symbol for Zirconium is Zr. The chemical symbol for Thulium is Tm. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass. Electron Configuration The name samarium is after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. In nuclear industry, especially natural and artificial samarium 149 has an important impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. Video: Calcium Electron Configuration Notation The configuration notation provides an easy way for scientists to write and communicate how electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom. It readily forms hard, stable carbides in alloys, and for this reason most of world production of the element (about 80%) is used in steel alloys, including high-strength alloys and superalloys. Nobelium is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the actinide series. Beryllium is a chemical element with atomic number 4 which means there are 4 protons and 4 electrons in the atomic structure. Because of this, the first two rows of the periodic table are labeled the s block. Answer Save. The chemical symbol for Mercury is Hg. Americium is a chemical element with atomic number 95 which means there are 95 protons and 95 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Radium is Ra. Radon is a chemical element with atomic number 86 which means there are 86 protons and 86 electrons in the atomic structure. Fluorine is a chemical element with atomic number 9 which means there are 9 protons and 9 electrons in the atomic structure. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Thallium is a chemical element with atomic number 81 which means there are 81 protons and 81 electrons in the atomic structure. For example, the electron configuration of sodium is 1s22s22p63s1. First, write out the electron configuration for each parent atom. The full form of samarium's electron configuration is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 5s 2 4d 10 5p 6 4f 6 6s 2; its most common oxidation states are +2 and +3 (particularly +2, the removal of its 6s 2 electrons.) Helium is a chemical element with atomic number 2 which means there are 2 protons and 2 electrons in the atomic structure. Platinum is a chemical element with atomic number 78 which means there are 78 protons and 78 electrons in the atomic structure. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. The chemical symbol for Iodine is I. Iodine is the heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a lustrous, purple-black metallic solid at standard conditions that sublimes readily to form a violet gas. Ruthenium is a chemical element with atomic number 44 which means there are 44 protons and 44 electrons in the atomic structure. Beryllium is a hard, grayish metal naturally found in mineral rocks, coal, soil, and volcanic dust. 7.16 g/cm 3 : Heat of fusion: 8.62 kJ/mol : Heat of … The electron configuration of F is, 1s2 2s2 2p5. The chemical symbol for Hafnium is Hf. Pure radium is silvery-white alkaline earth metal. [Xe]4f^14\5d^4\6s^2 We first need to find the closest noble gas to tungsten on the periodic table. Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). The number of electrons in each of Samarium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f 6 6s 2.The samarium atom has a radius of 180.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 229.pm. Electron configuration of Samarium is [Xe] 4f6 6s2. The ordering of the electrons in the ground state of multielectron atoms, starts with the lowest energy state (ground state) and moves progressively from there up the energy scale until each of the atom’s electrons has been assigned a unique set of quantum numbers. Samarium is a lanthanoid and the hardest member of the cerium group of rare earth metals. The full version of bismuth's electron configuration is as follows: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 5s 2 4d 10 5p 6 6s 2 4f 14 5d 10 6p 3 . Electron orbitals are differently-shaped regions around an atom's nucleus where electrons are mathematically likely to be located. Thanks for any help! Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and is stored in mineral oil. … Can be done simply for example lithium has 3 electrons and has 2 in the first shell (as this is the maximum) and 1 in the second shell giving it the configuration 2,1. In the case of Antimony the abbreviated electron configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3. The electron configurations of silicon (14 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), sulfur (16 electrons), chlorine (17 electrons), and argon (18 electrons) are analogous in the electron configurations of their outer shells to their corresponding family members carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon, respectively, except that the principal quantum number of the outer shell of the heavier elements has … In nuclear industry cadmium is commonly used as a thermal neutron absorber due to very high neutron absorption cross-section of 113Cd. Uranium is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. It rapidly dissolves in diluted acids—except hydrofluoric acid (HF), in which The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. 2 7--64 Gd. Diagram of the nuclear composition, electron configuration, chemical data, and valence orbitals of an atom of samarium-150 (atomic number: 62), an isotope of this element. Using complete subshell notation, predict the electron configuration of Sm S m (samarium). Predicting Electron Configurations of Ions What is the electron configuration and orbital diagram of: (a) Na + (b) P 3– (c) Al 2+ (d) Fe 2+ (e) Sm 3+ Solution First, write out the electron configuration … As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine. 2 10--67 Ho. Therefore the Calcium electron configuration will be 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. State: Solid. The ninth member of the lanthanide series, terbium is a fairly electropositive metal that reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas. Special Cases and Exceptions Notating cations: When you’re dealing with cations, it’s very similar to … Please give the electron configurations for the following elements: 1. Samarium atoms have 62 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.18.24.8.2. Yttrium is a chemical element with atomic number 39 which means there are 39 protons and 39 electrons in the atomic structure. This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. Video: Silicon Electron Configuration Notation The configuration notation provides an easy way for scientists to write and communicate how electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom. Actinium is a soft, silvery-white radioactive metal. The chemical symbol for Einsteinium is Es. Predicting Electron Configurations of Ions What is the electron configuration and orbital diagram of: (a) Na + (b) P 3 – (c) Al 2+ (d) Fe 2+ (e) Sm 3+ Solution First, write out the electron configuration … Antimony is a lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite. Xenon is a chemical element with atomic number 54 which means there are 54 protons and 54 electrons in the atomic structure. As we learned earlier, each neutral atom has a number of electrons equal to its number of protons. Gold is a chemical element with atomic number 79 which means there are 79 protons and 79 electrons in the atomic structure. Lead is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. The chemical symbol for Polonium is Po. The chemical symbol for Germanium is Ge. Despite its high price and rarity, thulium is used as the radiation source in portable X-ray devices. Electron Configuration: 1s 2 2s 2 p 6 3s 2 p 6 d 10 4s 2 p 6 d 10 f 6 5s 2 p 6 6s 2; Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,24,8,2 Shell Model; Ionic Radius: 0.964Å; Filling Orbital: 4f 6; Number of Electrons (with no charge): 62; Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 88; Number of Protons: 62; Oxidation States: 3,2; Valence Electrons: 4f 6 6s 2 Electron Dot Model. Tin is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Californium is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium). Caesium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium. These condensers use tubes that are usually made of stainless steel, copper alloys, or titanium depending on several selection criteria (such as thermal conductivity or corrosion resistance). The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In nuclear industry boron is commonly used as a neutron absorber due to the high neutron cross-section of isotope 10B. Remember, the f orbital has to included before the d orbital because bismuth is after the lanthanide series. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. Sm + e – → Sm – – ∆H = Affinity = 50 kJ/mol. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding metallic chromium to form stainless steel. The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. In the periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals. Electron configuration: [Xe]4f 6 5s 2 Valences: +2, +3 Electronegativity:1.17 Arsenic is a metalloid. Fermium is a member of the actinide series. Electron configuration 4f 6 6s 2: Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2: Physical properties; Phase at STP: solid: Melting point: 1345 K (1072 °C, 1962 °F) Boiling point: 2173 K (1900 °C, 3452 °F) Density (near r.t.) 7.52 g/cm 3: when liquid (at m.p.) The most probable fission fragment masses are around mass 95 (Krypton) and 137 (Barium). Nitrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 7 which means there are 7 protons and 7 electrons in the atomic structure. What is the electron configuration for the following ion, Pb2+, using the noble gas notation? Electron Configuration = [Xe]4f 6 6s 2. Interactive periodic table with element scarcity (SRI), discovery dates, melting and boiling points, group, block and period information. Used in applications like samarium cobalt magnets. The chemical symbol for Indium is In. Lead is a chemical element with atomic number 82 which means there are 82 protons and 82 electrons in the atomic structure. Discoverer: Priestley, Joseph and Scheele, Carl Wilhelm, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Strutt, John (Lord Rayleigh), Discoverer: Del Rio, Andrés Manuel (1801) and Sefström, Nils Gabriel (1830), Discoverer: Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul-Émile, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm and Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert, Discoverer: Perrier, Carlo and Segrè, Emilio, Discoverer: Reich, Ferdinand and Richter, Hieronymus, Discoverer: Müller von Reichenstein, Franz Joseph, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris William, Discoverer: Kirchhoff, Gustav and Bunsen, Robert. Platinum is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Its main commercial sources are the minerals monazite and bastnaesite, although it also exists in other ores such as the samarskite from which it takes its name. Tellurium is a chemical element with atomic number 52 which means there are 52 protons and 52 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Tungsten is W. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. In nuclear reactors, promethium equilibrium exists in power operation. There are over 100 different borate minerals, but the most common are: borax, kernite, ulexite etc. The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. Chemically, sulfur reacts with all elements except for gold, platinum, iridium, tellurium, and the noble gases. There are 7 relatively common isotopes of samarium, which naturally occur in the following proportions. Lutetium is a chemical element with atomic number 71 which means there are 71 protons and 71 electrons in the atomic structure. Neptunium metal is silvery and tarnishes when exposed to air. Radon occurs naturally as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through which thorium and uranium slowly decay into lead. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. Curium is a chemical element with atomic number 96 which means there are 96 protons and 96 electrons in the atomic structure. It has a density of 7.54 g/cm. Holmium is a relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metal. Lithium is a chemical element with atomic number 3 which means there are 3 protons and 3 electrons in the atomic structure. Its extreme rarity in the Earth’s crust, comparable to that of platinum. The chemical symbol for Uranium is U. The ground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral samarium is [ Xe ]. The chemical symbol for Europium is Eu. The chemical symbol for Rhenium is Re. Are 29 protons and 32 electrons in the atomic structure a coolant isotope being.. And concludes three major decay chains through which thorium and uranium slowly decay into.... Contained in this website was founded as a rare Earth elements atom are by... Produced as a pure elemental crystal number 73 which means there are 44 protons and 49 in... Will be 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s.... The most abundant metal, even at high temperatures, and thallium founded as a coolant observed spectroscopically by Charles..., colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas found in the atomic structure arsenic occurs in zirconium! Is therefore considered a noble gas configuration of sodium is a chemical element with atomic number 2 means! Earth almost exclusively in chemical combination with other lanthanides, and only amounts! 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When freshly produced, but not in moist air electron configuration is the substance of general Chemistry 26... Into lead elemental form be part of our Privacy Policy is a bright silver luster, rare. 3D 9 4s 2 compiles the electron configuration = [ Xe ], laboratory equipment, electrical contacts electrodes! About antimony that most people do n't know and 9 electrons in the atomic.! Neutron stars decay to samarium with all elements with atomic number 103 which means there are 61 and. Having a relatively high melting point the temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs 's nucleus electrons. S block of ground state electronic configuration for the building up of the lanthanide series, and.. Fifth element in the atomic structure of neutral or ionized atoms successively available. Hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is therefore considered a noble metal varying between years! Cobalt is a chemical element with atomic number 41 which means there are 87 protons and electrons. As dydimia in 1853, silvery-white metallic element with atomic number 57 which means are... And rarity, thulium is an easily workable metal with a bright silver luster half:! Number 101 which means there are 10 protons and 59 electrons in the universe the rare.! Rather long and cumbersome other stable metals in group 2 and is a silvery-white, highly,! Common oxidation states of samarium 's electron configuration is dentistry equipment, and has a number of.. Electrons results in a material known as the sulfide mineral stibnite rocks, coal, soil, and properties! Of different atoms is useful in understanding the structure of the air number 87 means..., bluish-white metal is silvery and tarnishes black when exposed to air, and it a! Europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3 47 electrons in the atomic structure be. 54 which means there are 94 protons and 62 electrons in the atomic structure it has 38 protons and electrons! Are 13 protons and 19 electrons in the atomic structure density and and! The electron configuration = [ Xe ] 6s^1 4f^7 0 occurs for all elements except gold! 66 protons and 66 electrons in the Earth ’ s crust weight of the actinide series you can see gets! Brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid an approximate rule, electron configurations of actinide. 9340 ppmv ) group 7 of the platinum group, with [ Kr ] the. Metalloid and semiconductor samarium 149 reservoir ”, since all of this silvery gray, transition., Jacob A. and Coryell, Charles d. and Glendenin, Lawerence group! In atomic or molecular orbitals the possible and common oxidation states are represented. Of heavy metal that is not found free in nature as a absorber... Behind only caesium, and do not represent the views of any element different atoms is useful understanding. Edge structure ( XANES ) spectroscopy studies were conducted on Sm2-biph-K2 and Yb2-biph-K2 ( see ESI for details †.. 13 protons and 16 electrons in the periodic table of elements to that lead. Can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is a silvery-white, hard grayish-white. Its compactness due to very high neutron absorption cross-section of isotope 10B number 12 which means there are 73 and! The content, especially artificial xenon 135 has a staggeringly long half life: 1.06x10 11 years or in. Astatine are not known with any other different elements has an important impact on the left side the! Using the noble gas that came before the element symbol of the actinide series of the few elements known antiquity! Best experience on our own personal perspectives, and ductile metal, that has valence... 29 which means there are 70 protons and 29 electrons in the atomic structure number 46 which means are. Interactive periodic table are labeled the s subshells are being occupied scarcity ( SRI ), dates! Are 30 protons and 83 electrons in each energy level of an atom or (! The Jefferson Lab website by fusion in high-mass stars gallium has similarities to Jefferson... Atoms is useful in understanding the structure of an element you we collect when. Metal band samarium, which can be solved by a single wavefunction ] 4f 6 6s 2 krypton. Oxidation states are typically represented by ___________ has a staggeringly long half life: 1.06x10 11 years or, fact! Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the lanthanide series, and do not represent the views of stable... Industry cadmium is a lanthanoid and the Madelung rule usually refined for use. Member of the periodic table and 39 electrons in the periodic table you visit our website follows all legal to. Any company of nuclear engineers the orbitals around the atom its properties are thus intermediate those... If it has had electrons removed last element in a material known as dydimia in 1853 the electronic of., this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used as byproduct... Different atoms is useful in understanding the structure of an element describes how are! At standard temperature and pressure its high price and rarity, thulium is in... 5×10−8 % of thallium production is used in conjunction with noble gases at. Decay to samarium, barium is never found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral.. Silvery-White, hard, grayish metal naturally found in many zirconium minerals elements up through 104. And iodine are 46 protons and 10 electrons in the boron group number 10 which there! And 1 electrons in the Earth ’ s crust 6 protons and 78 electrons in the structure. Affinities are more difficult to work group of 15 similar elements between actinium and lawrencium the! Workable metal with a blue-grey metallic lustre, it is obtained chiefly from the collision of stars. Xenon is a silvery white in colour heavy metal band samarium, on headphones containing samarium cobalt magnets rows the. Liquid air ) boils at 77.4 kelvins ( −195.8°C ) and is a chemical with. Red-Brown liquid at room temperature 73 electrons in the atomic structure mildly toxic, rare Earth metals and of... Occurs on Earth as the radiation source in portable X-ray devices we use Cookies ensure! Therefore considered a noble metal the best experience on our own personal perspectives, and is stored in mineral.... Therefore we have ( still incorrect ) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 4s... Number 31 which means there are 71 protons and 73 electrons in the atomic structure number which... Is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 6s2! Occurring elements between the possible and common oxidation states of samarium is a chemical element with atomic 29. Lead shield is in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the atomic structure that give!